Standard Library & Global Built-ins

RayQuiro includes built-in functions that are globally accessible from any script without needing an import statement.

1. Core & I/O

Function	Signature	Description
`print`	`print(...args)`	Prints arguments separated by space to stdout, followed by a newline.
`assert`	`assert(condition, message = "")`	Throws a runtime error if `condition` is falsy.
`type`	`type(value)`	Returns the type name: `"number"`, `"string"`, `"bool"`, `"array"`, `"object"`, `"function"`, or `"null"`.

print("Hello", 42, true);
assert(2 + 2 == 4, "Math error!");
print(type("text"));
print(type([1, 2]));

2. Type Conversion

Function	Signature	Description
`str`	`str(value)`	Converts any value to its string representation (alias: `to_string`).
`to_string`	`to_string(value)`	Equivalent to `str(value)`.
`num`	`num(value)`	Parses a string or boolean into a floating-point number.
`bool`	`bool(value)`	Converts a value into a boolean based on truthiness.

var n = num("3.1415");
var s = str(100);
var b = bool(1);

3. Sequences, Arrays & Objects

Function	Signature	Description
`len`	`len(container)`	Returns the number of characters in a string, elements in an array, or keys in an object.
`length`	`length(container)`	Alias for `len(container)`.
`range`	`range(stop)` / `range(start, stop, step = 1)`	Generates an array of numbers from `start` to `stop` (exclusive).
`push`	`push(array, value)`	Appends `value` to the end of `array`.
`pop`	`pop(array)`	Removes and returns the last element of `array`.
`join`	`join(array, separator = "")`	Concatenates elements of `array` into a string separated by `separator`.
`split`	`split(str, separator = "")`	Splits `str` by `separator` into an array of substrings.
`keys`	`keys(object)`	Returns an array of keys belonging to `object`.
`values`	`values(object)`	Returns an array of values belonging to `object`.
`map`	`map(array, fn)`	Transforms each element in `array` using `fn(item)`.
`filter`	`filter(array, fn)`	Returns elements in `array` that satisfy predicate `fn(item)`.
`reduce`	`reduce(array, fn, initial)`	Reduces `array` to a single value using accumulator `fn(acc, item)`.

var nums = range(1, 5);
push(nums, 5);
var last = pop(nums);

var doubled = map(nums, fn(x) { return x * 2; });
var evens = filter(nums, fn(x) { return x % 2 == 0; });
var sum = reduce(nums, fn(acc, x) { return acc + x; }, 0);

var words = split("rayquiro is fast", " ");
var sentence = join(words, "-");

4. Mathematical Functions

RayQuiro includes high-precision mathematical operations accessible directly:

Function	Signature	Description
`sqrt`	`sqrt(x)`	Returns the square root of `x`.
`abs`	`abs(x)`	Returns the absolute value of `x`.
`pow`	`pow(x, y)`	Returns `x` raised to the power of `y`.
`sin`	`sin(rad)`	Sine of angle in radians.
`cos`	`cos(rad)`	Cosine of angle in radians.
`tan`	`tan(rad)`	Tangent of angle in radians.
`log`	`log(x)`	Natural logarithm (base $e$) of `x`.
`floor`	`floor(x)`	Largest integer less than or equal to `x`.
`ceil`	`ceil(x)`	Smallest integer greater than or equal to `x`.
`round`	`round(x)`	Rounds `x` to the nearest integer.
`min`	`min(a, b)`	Returns the lesser of `a` and `b`.
`max`	`max(a, b)`	Returns the greater of `a` and `b`.
`clamp`	`clamp(x, min, max)`	Constrains `x` within `[min, max]`.
`pi`	`pi`	Mathematical constant $\pi$ ($3.141592653589793$).

print(sqrt(16));
print(pow(2, 8));
print(clamp(15, 0, 10));
print(cos(pi));

5. Execution & Sleep

Function	Signature	Description
`sleep`	`sleep(ms)`	Blocks the current thread for the specified number of milliseconds (also available as `time.sleep`).

print("Waiting 500ms...");
sleep(500);
print("Done!");

6. Assertions & Testing

RayQuiro 0.2.2 includes built-in assertion primitives for automated testing:

Function	Signature	Description
`assert`	`assert(cond, [msg])`	Throws runtime error if condition evaluates to falsy.
`assert_eq`	`assert_eq(actual, expected, [msg])`	Asserts equality between two values.
`assert_ne`	`assert_ne(actual, expected, [msg])`	Asserts inequality between two values.
`assert_true`	`assert_true(val, [msg])`	Asserts that `val` is `true`.
`assert_false`	`assert_false(val, [msg])`	Asserts that `val` is `false`.
`assert_null`	`assert_null(val, [msg])`	Asserts that `val` is `null`.

assert_eq(2 + 2, 4);
assert_ne("apple", "orange");
assert_true(len([1, 2, 3]) == 3);