Standard Library & Global Built-ins

RayQuiro includes built-in functions that are globally accessible from any script without needing an import statement.

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1. Core & I/O

Function	Signature	Description
print	print(...args)	Prints arguments separated by space to stdout, followed by a newline.
assert	assert(condition, message = "")	Throws a runtime error if condition is falsy.
type	type(value)	Returns the type name: "number", "string", "bool", "array", "object", "function", or "null".

print("Hello", 42, true);
assert(2 + 2 == 4, "Math error!");
print(type("text"));
print(type([1, 2]));

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2. Type Conversion

Function	Signature	Description
str	str(value)	Converts any value to its string representation (alias: to_string).
to_string	to_string(value)	Equivalent to str(value).
num	num(value)	Parses a string or boolean into a floating-point number.
bool	bool(value)	Converts a value into a boolean based on truthiness.

var n = num("3.1415");
var s = str(100);
var b = bool(1);

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3. Sequences, Arrays & Objects

Function	Signature	Description
len	len(container)	Returns the number of characters in a string, elements in an array, or keys in an object.
length	length(container)	Alias for len(container).
range	range(stop) / range(start, stop, step = 1)	Generates an array of numbers from start to stop (exclusive).
push	push(array, value)	Appends value to the end of array.
pop	pop(array)	Removes and returns the last element of array.
join	join(array, separator = "")	Concatenates elements of array into a string separated by separator.
split	split(str, separator = "")	Splits str by separator into an array of substrings.
keys	keys(object)	Returns an array of keys belonging to object.
values	values(object)	Returns an array of values belonging to object.
map	map(array, fn)	Transforms each element in array using fn(item).
filter	filter(array, fn)	Returns elements in array that satisfy predicate fn(item).
reduce	reduce(array, fn, initial)	Reduces array to a single value using accumulator fn(acc, item).

var nums = range(1, 5);
push(nums, 5);
var last = pop(nums);

var doubled = map(nums, fn(x) { return x * 2; });
var evens = filter(nums, fn(x) { return x % 2 == 0; });
var sum = reduce(nums, fn(acc, x) { return acc + x; }, 0);

var words = split("rayquiro is fast", " ");
var sentence = join(words, "-");

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4. Mathematical Functions

RayQuiro includes high-precision mathematical operations accessible directly:

Function	Signature	Description
sqrt	sqrt(x)	Returns the square root of x.
abs	abs(x)	Returns the absolute value of x.
pow	pow(x, y)	Returns x raised to the power of y.
sin	sin(rad)	Sine of angle in radians.
cos	cos(rad)	Cosine of angle in radians.
tan	tan(rad)	Tangent of angle in radians.
log	log(x)	Natural logarithm (base $e$) of x.
floor	floor(x)	Largest integer less than or equal to x.
ceil	ceil(x)	Smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
round	round(x)	Rounds x to the nearest integer.
min	min(a, b)	Returns the lesser of a and b.
max	max(a, b)	Returns the greater of a and b.
clamp	clamp(x, min, max)	Constrains x within [min, max].
pi	pi	Mathematical constant $\pi$ ($3.141592653589793$).

print(sqrt(16));
print(pow(2, 8));
print(clamp(15, 0, 10));
print(cos(pi));

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5. Execution & Sleep

Function	Signature	Description
sleep	sleep(ms)	Blocks the current thread for the specified number of milliseconds (also available as time.sleep).

print("Waiting 500ms...");
sleep(500);
print("Done!");